계연희 Youn-hee Kye , 이익모 Ik-mo Lee

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.213

Abstract

The separation method of Au (III) was studied by a chelating resin, Amberlite A-21. Sorption capacities for the metal ions on the Amberlite A-21 have been measured by batch method. This resin was applied to the rapid concentration of trace amounts of these metal ions and to the separation of Gold (III) from other metal ions in bulk solution. The separation of those elements was carried out with Acetone and Thiourea as eluents.

Key Words

Amberlite A-21 Chelating resin, Gold, Solvent

이승훈 Seunghun Lee , 장용철 Yong-chul Jang , 이승욱 Seunguk Lee , 고영재 Youngjae Ko

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.219

Abstract

Environmental regulations on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) have been strengthened in many developed countries. Improper management and disposal of such waste, especially in informal sectors, may pose serious threats to the environment and human health. In Korea, there are very few available statistical data regarding distribution flow and treatment of WEEE in informal sectors (i.e., unreported private collection and recycling facilities). In order to provide additional measures related to proper management of WEEE, there is an urgent need for a quantitative material flow study on the amount of the waste found in the sectors. This can be achieved by conducting a statistical analysis of the flow of WEEE in the sectors and by drawing significant results and implications of such analysis. In this study, the relevant data were collected from literature review and a number of field site visits to informal private collection and recycling sites with survey in Daejoen Metropolitan City. Statistical analysis of the survey related to the distribution of WEEE in informal sectors was conducted to determine the quantitative flow of WEEE in the sectors. According to the results of this study, 3.38 kg/person/year were introduced into informal sectors in 2013, while 2.48 kg/ person/year was recycled in formal sectors in 2012. This study implies that there are significant amounts of WEEE that are present and processed in the sectors, which are not regulated by government. Small private collectors of WEEE in informal sectors received approximately 60.6 unit/month on average. The results of this statistical study indicate that there are no significant differences among the factors such as the amount of treatment, the number of employee, and the degree of dismantle process. However, there is significant difference among the WEEE category large home appliance, small-sized home appliance, and audio-video equipment. Further study may be warranted to focus the flow of WEEE in informal sectors in more large scale in order to accurately determine the final destination and disposal of such waste in the environment.

Key Words

WEEE, e-waste, Informal sector, Recycling, Collection

이수선 Soo-sun Lee , 김영실 Youngsil Kim , 안중우 Joong Woo Ahn

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.230

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of recovery of valuable metals from the desulfurizing spent catalyst. Molybdenum, vanadium and nickel widely used in the area of catalysis. But the demand of these metals is full filled by industries. Every year, more than 18,000 tons spent catalysts are discarded. In most countries, spent catalyst is classified as a harmful waste. Thus, metal recovery from spent catalyst has been processed. The recovery process of molybdenum, vanadium and nickel from spent catalyst was mainly carried out wet process. However, this process are not suitable for economics and environmental aspects. Because environmental costs for removal of sulfur in the spent catalyst is high and huge amount of industrial wastewater occurs. Thus, it is necessary to develop a process which is efficient and does not cause pollution than the wet process. Thus, we have studied life cycle assessment about the dry process for the recovery of valuable metals.

Key Words

Spent catalyst, Fe-Ni-Mo, Fe-V, Life cycle assessment

정미정 Mi-jeong Jeong , 연진모 Jin-mo Yeon , 전태완 Tae-wan Jeon , 이희성 Hee-sung Lee , 김용준 Yong-jun Kim , 조윤아 Yoon-a Cho , 조나현 Na-hyeon Cho , 신선경 Sun-kyoung Shin

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.238

Abstract

Recently, the explosion of powder fire extinguisher led to the replacement of old extinguishers with new ones in Korea. As a result, the amount of waste fire extinguishing agents from discarded fire extinguishers has been increasing. In this study, to determine the recyclability of the fire extinguishing agents, content and leaching test were conducted to identify their health hazards in accordance with the Korean standard method for waste and soil. To this end, nine powders in four new products and five discarded products were sampled from five companies. Analysis of discarded powder of fire extinguishers showed that levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr⁶⁺,Cr, Hg, Cu, Ni, As, Zn), organic phosphorus, oil, TCE, and PCE were within the levels set out in the Wastes Control Act, the Fertilizer Control Act and the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Only arsenic level in some new and discarded powder of fire extinguisher samples exceeded the acceptable levels as set forth in the Wastes Control Act (1.5 mg/L) and the Soil Environment Conservation Act (25 mg/ kg) but within the acceptable arsenic level of 45 mg/kg as set forth in the Fertilizer Control Act. Concentrations of arsenic in the samples ranged from 0.039 to 2.578 mg/L, 6.72 to 38.36 mg/kg. The most commonly used chemical for ABC dry chemical extinguisher is mono-ammonium phosphate, which generally contains up to 0.005% of arsenic and be used as fertilizer. The result confirmed that powder of fire extinguishers could be recycled as fire extinguisher powder or fertilizer as practiced in Japan, USA and UK. But it is necessary to pretreat and meet the regulation of fire extinguisher and fertilizer.

Key Words

Powder fire extinguisher, Heavy metals, Recycling, Controlled wastes, Hazard

백민지 Min-ji Baek , 김호영 Ho-young Kim , 유승훈 Seung-hoon Yoo

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.247

Abstract

The government of each country is making a policy of expanding recycling of wastes and waste-to-energy to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions to cope with climate change. This paper attempts to analyze the economic effects of waste disposal & materials recycling services (WDMRS) sector using 2012 input-output (IO) table published in 2014. To this end, we deal with three sectors: waste disposal, materials recycling services, and WDMRS sectors. More specifically, the production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect of the WDMRS sector are investigated based on demand-driven model. The supply shortage effect and the price pervasive effect are also examined employing supply-driven model and Leontief price model, respectively. The results show that the production or investment of 1.0 won in the WDMRS sector induces the production of 1.9324 won and the value-added of 0.7217 won in the national economy. Moreover, the production or investment of 1.0 billion won, supply shortage of 1.0 won, and a price increase of 10.0% in the WDMRS sector touch off the employment of 15.2462 persons, production loss of 2.0589 won, and an increases in overall price level by 0.0699%, respectively. This quantitative information can be usefully utilized in assessment of the WDMRS sector-related investment and policy.

Key Words

Waste disposal & materials recycling services sector, Demand-driven model, Supply-driven model, Leontief price model, Input-output table

강진영 Jin Young Kang , 허목 Mock Huh

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.260

Abstract

This study was carried out to prepare for the basic data to properly treat the swine manure targeting 19 pig farms in Daejung-eup in Jeju Island. Swine breeding facility can be classified largely as scraper piggery, slurry piggery and recirculating piggery based on their types. Generation flux source unit and generated source unit for each swine breeding facility have been calculated. The average generated flux source unit for the scrapper piggery was 4.57 L/d, for the slurry piggery 3.27 L/d, and for the recirculating type 2.57 L/d. The generation source units for the scraper piggery were 37,796.3 mg/L of BOD₅, 25,853.0 mg/L of COD_Mn, 39,843.8 mg/L of SS, 28,390.5 mg/L of T-N, and 890.1 mg/L of T-P; for the slurry piggery 45,974.2 mg/L of BOD₅, 29,582.4 mg/L of COD_Mn, 69,190.6 mg/L of SS, 29,210.4 mg/L of T-N, and 1,370.6 mg/ L of T-P; and for the recirculating piggery 32,953.9 mg/L of BOD₅, 21,698.4 mg/L of COD_Mn, 46,816.5 mg/L of SS, 19,464.3 mg/L of T-N, and 979.2 mg/L of T-P. In summary, the average generation flux source unit of the swine manure from 19 pig farms of Daejung-eup in Jeju Island was 3.47 L/d, and the average generation source unit of the manure was 38,908.1 mg/L of BOD₅, 25,711.3 mg/L of COD_Mn, 51,950.3 mg/L of SS, 25,688.4 mg/L of T-N, and 1,080.0 mg/L of T-P.

Key Words

Swine breeding facility, Generation source unit, Flux generation source unit, Scrapper piggery, Slurry piggery, Recirculating piggery

전영남 Young Nam Chun , 임문섭 Mun Sup Lim , 조대영 Dae Young Jo

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.269

Abstract

Refuse plastic fuel (RPF) as materials for the recycling processes (Materiel Recycling) present difficulties with the mixing, the demolishing, the molding and the drying steps. While using RDF as a fuel by pyrolysis, accompanying tar and soot causes many problems like clogging, the corrosion and the erosion of the chloride channel. Using the intermittent pyrolysis equipment during the decomposition of the RPF gases H₂, CH₄, CO and among the by-products of Cl₂ and HCl, Tar is produced in a large quantity. With understanding the by-products decomposition system of the Cl₂, H₂, Tar and the gases H₂, CH₄, CO we can understand the nature of the generation of the products. The experimental conditions were chosen according to the temperature of the decomposition (300 ~ 900℃), While varying RPF 2 g, pyrolysis temperature 700℃ during a holding time of 32 min : the H₂ gas 1.71%, CH₄ 2.54%, CO 4.63%, Cl₂ 12.86 ppm, HCl 30.2 ppm were composed. Also light tar benzene 18.45 g/m³, naphthalene 0.86 g/m³, anthracene 0.09 g/m³, pyrene 0.04 g/ m³, gravimetric tar 31.8 g/m³, and char 0.45 g was formed.

Key Words

Refused Plastic Fuel (RPF), Pyrolysis, Produce gas, Tar, Char

이유석 You Seok Lee , 김재용 Jae Yong Kim

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.276

Abstract

Ocean dumping of all of the land waste was banned from 2014 by the London Convention. Therefore, the development of new technology to handle the huge amount of food waste are urgently sought. In particular, we were able to handle the garbage by using the Hermetia illucens by 2013 Presidential Decree. During this situation, we've been studied how to remove food waste by using Hermetia illucens as Environmentally harmless insect. In this study, four kinds of sample as a food waste, pork, bean-curd and boiled rice and mixed waste were selected. We tried to find efficiencies with different type we selected respectively. Efficiency of pretreated food waste with the form of the porridge was compared to rare food waste efficiency.

Key Words

Hermetia illucens, Black solider fly, Treatment of food waste, Organic waste resources

김기헌 Ki-heon Kim , 권영현 Young-hyun Kwon , 이동진 Dong-jin Lee , 강준구 Jun-gu Kang , 신선경 Sun-kyung Sin , 손준익 Jun-ik Son

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.281

Abstract

This study was to select five places among apartment houses (apartment), detached houses (including houses, villas), downtown area (markets, shops, restaurants) being operated in Korea and use the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics for treatment residues of weight reduction equipment as basic data. Also, we were to evaluate the recyclability by determining whether discharged treatment residues are available in the thermochemical process such as cement sintering facilities and power plants in which energy can be recovered based on the quality standards of Bio- SRF and SRF. Three components for food waste were analyzed and as a result, moisture average, combustibles average and ash average were found to be 11.9% (2.0 ~ 24.8%), 78.9% (63.3 ~ 93.0%) and 9.2% (5.0 ~ 11.9%) respectively and all of them were found to satisfy less than 25%, the moisture content standard of Solid Refuse Fuel (SRF) products. The results of the elemental analysis were analyzed to be carbon average 49.71% (48.41 ~ 52.14%), hydrogen average 6.62% (31.32 ~ 40.63%), oxygen average 37.92% (31.32 ~ 40.63%), nitrogen average 3.82% (2.79 ~ 5.81%), sulfur average 0.26% (0.19 ~ 0.46%), chlorine average 1.67% (1.10 ~ 3.16%). In addition, the low-heating value measurement result is average 4,016.6 kcal/kg (3,255.9 ~ 4,657.9 kcal/kg) and turned out to satisfy most general Solid Refuse Fuel (SRF) product standards but that of Facility E is 3,255.9 kcal/kg and was analyzed not to meet the quality standard 3,500 kcal/kg. However, if maintaining the moisture content of treatment residues to 20% or less, it is determined to satisfy the caloric value standards of general Solid Refuse Fuel products.

Key Words

Food waste, Element analysis, Reduction, SRF, Bio-SRF

홍성록 Sung-rog Hong , 박헌일 Hun-il Park , 선정수 Jung-soo Sun , 김진만 Jin-man Kim

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.289

Abstract

A general method to expand the urban green space is to utilize the artificial ground that is unutilized in cities, such as buildings and rooftops. The processing technology of bottom ashes in thermal power stations shows a tendency to change from the wet process to the dry process. The dry process bottom ashes, which arise from the new process, are expected to be utilized as light-weight artificial soil, because they are poor in water, salt, and unburned carbon, which are not the characteristics of the existing wet process bottom ashes, and have a lower density than general aggregate. This study shows that the coefficient of permeability, saturation bulk density, pH, EC, and organic matter content of dry process bottom ashes are similar to those of perlite. Therefore, we conclude that dry process bottom ashes can be utilized as artificial soil.

Key Words

Bottom ash, Dry process bottom ash, Light-weight artificial soil, Artificial soil

김승호 Seungho Kim , 김연희 Yunhee Kim , 김종민 Jongmin Kim , 최영섭 Youngseop Choi , 배석진 Seokjin Bae , 조영관 Younggwan Cho , 김은선 Eunsun Kim

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.297

Abstract

This study identified concentrations, toxicities, and sources of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in roadside sediment from different areas of Gwangju City. Samples were collected from 13 sites of heavy traffic area (TA), downtown area (DA) and park area (PA) during February and June in 2014. The results showed a wide distribution range of PAHs concentrations between 0.139 mg/kg and 1.740 mg/kg. The highest concentration of PAHs appeared in heavy traffic area (TA). The toxic equivalent quotients (TEQs) of PAHs in the roadside sediment ranged from 27 ng/g to 159 ng/g. The TEQs and PAHs ratio of heavy traffic area and downtown area was 9.1 to 11.0%, respectively. The contributions from potential sources to PAHs in roadside sediment were estimated by the principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios between PAHs. Vehicular (gasoline and diesel engine) emissions were found to the predominant contributor of PAHs. The concentrations of heavy metals were highest in the heavy traffic areas. The correlation analysis among traffic intensity and heavy metals, showed that AADT correlates very strongly with Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations. From the results of pollution index (PI) calculation for roadside sediment, heavy traffic area was severly polluted by heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Contaminants in roadside sediment were found to be much affected by the vehicles. Therefore, roadside deposited sediments would be expected to be managed on a regular basis.

Key Words

Roadside sediment, PAHs, Heavy metals, TEQs

박재석 Jae-seok Park , 이지환 Ji-hwan Lee , 정연구 Yeon-koo Jeong

DOI:10.9786/kswm.2015.32.3.309

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the immobilization properties of arsenic in solidification process using geopolymer binder. Metakaolin and fly ash were used as prime materials for geopolymer that was also called as activated metakaolin cement (or Si + Al cement). The immobilization of As in geopolymer was found to be very limited regardless of the oxidation state of As and the mixing ratio of As to the binders. These results may be ascribed to the low Ca contents in prime materials used and the structural property of geopolymer formed. It was generally accepted that As was immobilized into C-S-H (calcium silicate hydrates) via precipitation and sorption, when it was solidified with ordinary portland cement and/or lime. When Ca(II) or Fe(III) was used as stimulating agents, the As leaching was reduced by 15 ~ 25% than that of control experiment. These limited improvements of As immobilization might be resulted from the extremely high pH in geopolymer reaction.

Key Words

Arsenic, Solidification, Geopolymer, Metakaolin, Fly ash